The No Child Left Behind Act of 2002 (NCLB) is a federal law that, among other things, holds schools accountable for the academic performance of limited English proficient (LEP) students. Many of these LEP children are immigrants or children of immigrants. The law's stringent requirements, which converge with rapid demographics-driven change in the U.S. immigrant population, necessitate renewed attention to how immigrant children and the children of immigrants are educated in the United States.